ABSTRACT
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Osteoporosis is a skeletal abnormality characterized by reduction and alteration of bone microarchitecture that results in increased fragility and greater predisposition to fractures. Age and low bone mass are the main non-modifiable risk factors for osteoporotic fractures. The modifiable factors include sedentary lifestyle, inadequate calcium intake, excessive alcohol and/or caffeine consumption, smoking and low body weight. The aim here was to evaluate the association between low bone mass and calcium and caffeine intake among perimenopausal women in Southern Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in Porto Alegre and Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: Women (n = 155) of mean age 53.6 ± 9.5 years were evaluated through a cross-sectional study in Southern Brazil. Food frequency questionnaires, bone mass evaluation using calcaneal ultrasound and anthropometric assessment were used. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight was 67.7%. In the bone mass screening, 30.3% had low bone mass and 4.5% had osteoporosis. The median calcium intake was 574.94 mg/day and the caffeine intake was 108.11 mg/day. No association was found between bone mass and anthropometric parameters, calcium intake or caffeine intake. It was found that 38.4% of the women had low bone mass. CONCLUSIONS: No association was found between calcium and caffeine intake and bone mass. High prevalence of low bone mass was observed. .
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A osteoporose é uma alteração esquelética caracterizada pela redução e pela alteração da microarquitetura óssea, que resultam em aumento da fragilidade e maior predisposição a fraturas. A idade e a baixa massa óssea são os principais fatores de risco não modificáveis para fraturas osteoporóticas. Os fatores modificáveis incluem sedentarismo, inadequada ingestão de cálcio, excessivo consumo de álcool e/ou cafeína, tabagismo e baixo peso corporal. O objetivo foi avaliar associação entre baixa massa óssea e ingestão de cálcio e cafeína por mulheres climatéricas no Sul do Brasil. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal realizado em Porto Alegre e Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Mulheres (n = 155) com idade média de 53,6 ± 9,5 anos foram avaliadas em um estudo transversal na região Sul do Brasil. Foram utilizados questionários de frequência alimentar, avaliação da massa óssea por ultrassonometria de calcâneo e avaliação antropométrica. RESULTADOS: A preval ência de sobrepeso foi de 67,7%. No rastreamento de massa óssea, 30,3% apresentou baixa massa óssea e 4,5%, osteoporose. A ingestão mediana de cálcio foi de 574,94 mg/dia e de cafeína foi de 108,11 mg/dia. Não foi encontrada associação entre massa óssea e os parâmetros antropométricos, ingestão de cálcio ou de cafeína. Verificou-se que 38,4% das mulheres apresentaram perda de massa óssea. CONCLUSÕES: Não foi encontrada associação entre a ingestão de cálcio e cafeína com a massa óssea. Foi observada alta prevalência de baixa massa óssea. .
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Bone Density/physiology , Caffeine/metabolism , Calcium/metabolism , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/metabolism , Perimenopause/physiology , Age Factors , Anthropometry , Brazil , Calcium, Dietary , Cross-Sectional Studies , Nutritional Status , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reference Values , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: identificar en el área de salud las características socio-culturales de las mujeres climatéricas y relacionarlos con la sintomatología de este periodo. Determinar la morbilidad oculta de enfermedades crónicas y de la esfera ginecológica en las mujeres de edad mediana para relacionarlo con la sintomatología del climaterio. Aplicar el tratamiento de sostén inicial (TSI) y evaluar sus respuestas. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo y aplicado en la consulta de Climaterio y Menopausia del municipio Cerro durante 6 años para la atención de la mujer en edad mediana, se confeccionó una planilla como historia clínica para la recogida de datos del examen físico clínico, completo; se precisa la edad en que aparece la menopausia, el nivel socioeconómico de las mujeres atendidas y se indica un primer tratamiento de sostén inicial (TSI) para educar y controlar los síntomas que aquejan las pacientes. Se logran buenos resultados con esta alternativa de tratamiento y solo un bajo por ciento necesitan utilizar el tratamiento hormonal de reemplazo (THR). Se inician después los estudios complementarios de acuerdo al método clínico inicial para precisar la morbilidad oculta de las mujeres de la edad mediana
The objectives of present research were: to identify in the health area the sociocultural features of the climacteric women and to relate them to the symptomatology of this period, to determine the hidden morbidity of chronic diseases and the gynecological sphere in middle-age women to relate it to climacterium symptomatology, to apply the initial support treatment (IST) and to assess its responses. A descriptive and prospective study was conducted and to apply it in the Climacterium and Menopause consultation of Cerro municipality during 6 years for care of middle-age woman and a form as medical record to collect data of the whole clinical physical examination; the age of menopause onset is specified, the socioeconomic level of women seen and a first initial support treatment (IST) is prescribed to educate and to control the symptoms suffered by patients. With this treatment alternative good results were achieved and only a low percentage needs to use replacement hormonotherapy (RHT). After, the complementary studies are started according to the initial clinical method to specify exactly the hidden morbidity of middle-age women
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Comprehensive Health Care/methods , Climacteric/psychology , Perimenopause/physiology , Women's Health Services/ethics , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Patient Education as Topic/ethics , Health Education , Prospective Studies , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methodsABSTRACT
There is very little data regarding the factors related to intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery in normal individuals in those with non-insulin diabetes mellitus and perimenopausal women in Southeast Asian countries. Ultrasound imaging evaluating the carotid artery IMT in those with diabetes and those on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was performed beginning in August 2000 for a period of nearly two years at the Department of Radiology, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. A total of 153 participants were included. Significant differences between the women on HRT and not on HRT were IMT and systolic blood pressure. When comparing those with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and normal individuals, the significant differences were IMT, total cholesterol level, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. IMT was high in those with NIDDM but not in those on HRT. Both those with NIDDM and those on HRT had associated dyslipidemia and systolic hypertension.